Forty Thieves
Forty Thieves is the hard one. Two decks, ten columns of four cards, eight foundations, and a tableau that only builds downward in the same suit — no alternating colours to help you. The 64-card stock is dealt one card at a time and you get exactly one pass. Skilled win rates sit around one deal in ten.
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Today’s deal
Everyone playing Forty Thieves today gets deal #3503233589. It changes at midnight UTC.
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Replay a deal
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Keyboard
- U / Z
- Undo
- R
- Redo
- H
- Hint
- N
- New deal (asks first)
- F
- Full screen
- Space
- Turn the stock
- A
- Auto-finish
- Esc
- Deselect, or leave full screen
- Also called
- Napoleon at St Helena, Big Forty
- Deck
- 104 cards, two decks
- Tableau
- 10 columns of 4
- Stock
- 64 cards, one pass
Why is Forty Thieves so difficult?
- The tableau builds down in suit, not in alternating colours. A black Nine only ever accepts the Eight of its own suit — a quarter as many options as Klondike.
- There is one pass through the stock. Cards you skip are gone.
- Eight foundations need 104 cards, and the tableau starts with only 40 of them on the table.
- Empty columns are the only staging area, and every card you park there is a card not doing anything else.
It is the reason the game has a reputation. If you want the same two-deck scale with far more movement, play spider solitaire instead.
Can you move more than one card in Forty Thieves?
Classically, no — one card at a time, and any 'sequence move' is really several single moves using empty columns as scratch space. The board here does the bookkeeping for you: a suited descending run can be dragged as a unit, but only up to empty columns + 1 cards, which is exactly what you could have achieved by hand. With no empty column you move one card, with two empty columns you move three.
What is the best Forty Thieves strategy?
- Empty a column early and defend it. It is your only flexibility, and it is worth more than any single card.
- Do not bury an Ace. With eight foundations to feed, an Ace stuck under three cards in a one-pass game is often fatal.
- Work the stock slowly. Every card you turn must find a home immediately or it sits on the waste blocking the next one.
- Prefer a move that unblocks a low card over one that builds a pretty sequence.
Where does the name come from?
The forty cards of the opening tableau — ten columns of four — are the 'thieves'. The game is also recorded as Napoleon at St Helena, from the story that Napoleon played it during his exile, and as Big Forty or Roosevelt at San Juan. It has been in English patience books since at least the 1890s.
How do you get better at forty thieves?
- One empty column is worth ten good cardsIt is your capacity, your parking space and your unblocking tool. Create one before you do anything ambitious.
- Track the second deckEvery rank appears twice in each suit. Knowing whether the second Queen of hearts is still buried changes whether a line is worth starting.
- Play the waste before it growsA waste pile three cards deep is three cards you cannot reach. Turn the stock only when the current waste card has a home.
- Use undo as analysisForty Thieves is hard enough that exploring a line and rewinding it is the normal way to play. The undo stack here is unlimited for exactly that reason.
Forty Thieves questions people ask
- How many cards are in Forty Thieves solitaire?
- 104 — two full decks. Forty go into the tableau and 64 into the stock.
- Can you redeal in Forty Thieves?
- No. There is a single pass through the stock. Once it is empty, whatever is on the waste is all you have.
- Does Forty Thieves build in alternating colours?
- No — same suit only, descending. That single rule is most of the game's difficulty.
- What can go into an empty column in Forty Thieves?
- Any card, or any run you have the capacity to move. Empty columns are unrestricted, unlike Klondike's King-only rule.
The rules in six lines
- 1Deal ten columns of fourForty cards face up in ten columns. The other 64 cards form the stock.
- 2Build the tableau down in suitA card may be placed only on a card one rank higher of the same suit.
- 3Move runs up to your capacityA suited descending run may be moved together, up to empty columns + 1 cards.
- 4Any card fills an empty columnNo King restriction. Empty columns are the game's only manoeuvring space.
- 5Turn the stock one card at a timeOne pass only. The waste top is playable; buried waste cards are not.
- 6Build eight foundations Ace to KingTwo per suit, ascending. All 104 cards must be banked to win.
The long version, with worked examples and the questions beginners actually ask, is on how to play forty thieves.
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